Below are the common formula for Linear Motion:
Where
v = final velocity
u = initial velocity
s = displacement
a = acceleration
t = time
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2020-04-19
Linear Motion Formula
2020-04-16
Generation of Electricity from Nuclear Fission
Nuclear energy is one of many alternatives of generating electricity. In fact, nuclear energy is primarily used to generate electricity.
Among the uses of nuclear energy are as a method to propel submarine, big vessels and satellites. Engines run by nuclear energy can go on without refuelling for one or two years.
The process of generating electricity is done by nuclear power plant or power station.
The process begins in the nuclear reactor:
i. The nuclear fission of Uranium 235 creates a massive amount of heat energy in the nuclear reactor. The heat of the uranium bundles in the core must be controlled to prevent overheating which can cause the reactor to melt.
ii. This energy is then used for boiling water which transforms it into steam at high pressure and temperature.
iii. This creates a powerful steam energy which rotates the turbines . The cold steam then moves to a condenser, condensed into water and then moves back to the reactor.
iv. The rotating turbines also spins a set of dynamos which produce electricity, this electricity is then further processed, adjusted and transported by cables to consumers.
It is really crucial to keep nuclear power plants in order as any leakage or accident will cause massive environmental and health damage.
Among the uses of nuclear energy are as a method to propel submarine, big vessels and satellites. Engines run by nuclear energy can go on without refuelling for one or two years.
The process of generating electricity is done by nuclear power plant or power station.
The process begins in the nuclear reactor:
i. The nuclear fission of Uranium 235 creates a massive amount of heat energy in the nuclear reactor. The heat of the uranium bundles in the core must be controlled to prevent overheating which can cause the reactor to melt.
ii. This energy is then used for boiling water which transforms it into steam at high pressure and temperature.
iii. This creates a powerful steam energy which rotates the turbines . The cold steam then moves to a condenser, condensed into water and then moves back to the reactor.
iv. The rotating turbines also spins a set of dynamos which produce electricity, this electricity is then further processed, adjusted and transported by cables to consumers.
It is really crucial to keep nuclear power plants in order as any leakage or accident will cause massive environmental and health damage.
2019-12-01
Managing radioactive waste
Radioactive wastes are dangerous. The detrimental effects of radioactive wastes depend on the quantity, type, half-life of the waste and the type of radioactive rays emitted. Radioactive waste with the longest half-life poses the greatest risk to human health.
Radioactive waste can be classed into three main categories low, intermediate and high-level. (https://www.ansto.gov.au/education/nuclear-facts/managing-waste)
Low-level waste requires minimal shielding during, handling, transport and storage. They are made of paper, plastic, cloth and filters which contain a small amount of radioactivity. They are stored in drums and the radioactive emission are measured using a scanning system.
Intermediate-level waste requires additional shielding during handling, transport and storage as they emits higher radiation. They usually comprised of products of radiopharmaceuticals and reactor operations.
High-level waste requires increased shielding and human contact. It also requires cooling system as the waste can generate heat. The waste comes from the operation of nuclear power plants.
There has to be a consensus among countries on the safe disposal of radioactive wastes. For example, ocean disposal is no longer permitted. More information here (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste).
Radioactive waste can be initially treated by immobilisation of waste through vitrification, ion exchange and synroc method.
Long-term options of radioactive waste management include above-ground disposal, geologic (underground) disposal, re-use, transmutation or space-disposal. Although, not all of the said methods are being currently implemented.
There is also issues associated with illegal dumping of radioactive materials which has caused international concerns.
More information on this topic is available here:
https://ukinventory.nda.gov.uk/about-radioactive-waste/how-do-we-manage-radioactive-waste/
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-waste-management.aspx
Radioactive waste can be classed into three main categories low, intermediate and high-level. (https://www.ansto.gov.au/education/nuclear-facts/managing-waste)
Low-level waste requires minimal shielding during, handling, transport and storage. They are made of paper, plastic, cloth and filters which contain a small amount of radioactivity. They are stored in drums and the radioactive emission are measured using a scanning system.
Intermediate-level waste requires additional shielding during handling, transport and storage as they emits higher radiation. They usually comprised of products of radiopharmaceuticals and reactor operations.
High-level waste requires increased shielding and human contact. It also requires cooling system as the waste can generate heat. The waste comes from the operation of nuclear power plants.
There has to be a consensus among countries on the safe disposal of radioactive wastes. For example, ocean disposal is no longer permitted. More information here (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste).
Radioactive waste can be initially treated by immobilisation of waste through vitrification, ion exchange and synroc method.
Long-term options of radioactive waste management include above-ground disposal, geologic (underground) disposal, re-use, transmutation or space-disposal. Although, not all of the said methods are being currently implemented.
There is also issues associated with illegal dumping of radioactive materials which has caused international concerns.
More information on this topic is available here:
https://ukinventory.nda.gov.uk/about-radioactive-waste/how-do-we-manage-radioactive-waste/
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-wastes/radioactive-waste-management.aspx
Labels:
low-level waste,
nuclear,
radioactive,
radioactive waste
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